3d printer guide
In this guide we will explore everything from the basics of to different 3D printers and what sets the different 3D techniques apart. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced user, we have gathered all the necessary information to help you choose the best typewriter and take you one step closer to finding the typewriter that suits you best in 2024.
What is a 3D printer?
3D printers, also called 3D printers, are devices that create three-dimensional objects from digital files. By adding layers upon layers of material, 3D printers can produce almost any physical object, from prototypes and spare parts to works of art and functional products.
Which 3d printer should you choose?
Choosing the right 3D printer depends on your specific needs, project and budget. For hobbyists or those new to 3D printing, FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) printers are often the best choice due to their ease of use and relatively low cost. They handle a variety of materials and are excellent for creating everything from simple toys to home projects and prototypes.
If you instead seek a high level of detail for applications such as jewellery, the dental industry or fine mechanical components, SLA (Stereolithography) printers may be more suitable. SLA is used to create outstanding surface finish and precision but at a higher cost both in purchase and maintenance.
For professional users who need to produce durable and functional parts with complex geometries, SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) can be the right choice. SLS printers are more expensive but ideal for producing high quality parts in small series.
| Property | FDM | SLA | SLS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Printing process | Extrudes molten plastic through a nozzle. | Cures liquid resin with ultraviolet light. | Uses a laser to melt powder materials. |
| Material | Thermoplastics such as PLA, ABS, PETG. | Photopolymer resin. | Polymer powder, often nylon. |
| Surface finishing | Often rough; visible layers. | Very smooth and detailed. | Smooth, but can be porous. |
| Strength | High in the direction of the layers. | Varies; more brittle than FDM and SLS. | Evenly distributed; generally high. |
| Support structures | Mostly necessary. | Necessary and must be removed after printing. | Not necessary; powder supports the object. |
| Areas of use | Prototypes, hobby projects, simpler functional parts. | Detailed models, molds, jewelry, models. | Complex geometries, functional parts, small series. |
| Cost | Lower. | Medium to high (requires accessories). | Very high. |
| Print speed | Means. | Slower due to the level of detail. | Fast for large batches of objects. |
FDM
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a 3D printing method where thermoplastic filament is melted and extruded layer by layer to create objects. The method converts digital models into physical ones by printing each layer sequentially, where the molten material solidifies instantly. Known for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, FDM is popular for making prototypes, educational materials and hobby projects. It supports a range of materials, such as ABS and PLA, making it versatile. FDM is also the most popular 3D Printer of all kinds.
How does FDM technology work?
Here's a step-by-step walkthrough of how FDM works:
Slicer software: This model is then processed by a slicer that creates G-code, which tells the printer exactly how to build the object layer by layer.
Material: The 3D printer uses a filament of thermoplastic, such as PLA or ABS, fed into the printer's heated nozzle (extruder). Read more
Printing: The extruder moves over the build plate and lays out the molten material. It solidifies quickly, creating a firm layer. Then the printer builds layer upon layer until the entire object is complete.
Post-processing: The finished object may require cleaning or other finishing to remove the support structure or improve the surface.
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Stereolithography (SLA) is a 3D printing technique where light-sensitive resin (resin) is cured layer by layer with ultraviolet light. This method turns 3D models into physical objects by curing resin in thin layers, causing them to solidify and form the final product. SLA is prized for its ability to produce parts with high detail and smooth surfaces, making it ideal for prototypes, artwork and complex components.
SLA Printer - Things to consider
Material costs
SLA printers use resin, which can be more expensive than 3D printer filament used in FDM printers. It is important to budget for material costs.
Post-processing
Objects printed with an SLA printer usually require post-processing, such as washing in isopropanol and post-curing with UV light.
Safety and ventilation
Since SLA printers use chemicals and UV light, it is important to have good ventilation and follow safety regulations.
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Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an advanced 3D printing technology that uses a laser to melt and sinter powder materials layer by layer to create solid material. This technology enables the production of parts with complex geometries and high strength, without the need for support structures often required in SLA printing. SLS printers are highly regarded for their ability to create durable and functional parts, making them ideal for engineering applications, functional prototypes and small series final products.
FDM and SLA, When is it time to switch?
If your business is growing, and you encounter limitations with FDM or SLA printing in terms of quality, strength or geometric complexity, it may be time to consider SLS. Although initial investment and operating costs may be higher, the long-term return in terms of quality and efficiency can be well worth the investment.
Increased complexity
Unlike FDM and SLA, SLS does not need support structures. This means that very complex geometries can be printed without the extra work of removing supports, which can save time and materials.
Material diversity
SLS printers can handle a wider range of materials, including high-performance thermoplastics that are ideal for engineering applications.
Professional applications
If your projects require parts that meet stringent industry standards or need mechanical robustness, SLS can provide the quality and reliability you need.
Termination
Buy 3D printer
When considering buying a 3D printer, it is important to think about what you want to use it for. Think about the types of materials you want to use, how large a print surface you need, and how detailed your prints should be. There are many different models to choose from, from simple entry-level printers to advanced machines for professional use.
3D printer accessories and filament
To get the best results with your 3D printer, you need the right accessories and materials. There are quite a few to choose from, including different types of filaments such as PLA, ABS and PETG as well as resin for SLA printers. Sometimes when trying to achieve certain results, it can be enough to change the material instead of having to buy a whole new printer.
Open Source and spare parts
Many 3D printers are open source, meaning their design, software, and various parts are freely available for modification and improvement. This makes it easier to find and replace spare parts and adapt your printer to your specific needs.
Already have a 3D printer?
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